Ammonium chloride supplier in Pakistan
technical guide & specifications
Ammonium chloride is a multi-purpose inorganic salt used across agriculture, pharmaceuticals, metalworking, batteries, textiles, food processing, wastewater treatment, and chemical manufacturing. This guide covers chemistry, grades, applications, handling, and sourcing for Pakistani buyers.
Nitrogen content by weight, making it a useful nitrogen source in fertilizer applications.
Sublimation point — ammonium chloride volatilises rather than melting under atmospheric pressure.
Typical pH of a 5% solution, showing its mildly acidic behaviour in water.
What is ammonium chloride?
Ammonium chloride is an inorganic salt with the formula NH₄Cl, formed from the reaction of ammonia and hydrochloric acid. It consists of an ammonium cation (NH₄⁺) and a chloride anion (Cl⁻), and is typically supplied as a white, odourless crystalline powder or granular material.
It is water-soluble, mildly acidic in solution, and slightly hygroscopic. One of its most distinctive properties is sublimation: when heated, it does not behave like a typical melting salt, but instead volatilises and re-condenses, a behaviour that has made it useful in metal fluxing and surface cleaning applications for centuries.
In Pakistan, ammonium chloride has established demand across rice cultivation, respiratory pharmaceuticals, galvanising and soldering, battery manufacture, textiles, leather processing, food manufacturing, and wastewater treatment.
Chemical & physical properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical name | Ammonium Chloride |
| Common names | NH₄Cl, Sal Ammoniac, Amchlor, Salmiac |
| Chemical formula | NH₄Cl |
| CAS Number | 12125-02-9 |
| Molecular weight | 53.49 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or granules |
| Odour | Odourless; faint ammonia odour on heating or moisture exposure |
| Nitrogen content | 26.19% by weight |
| Chloride content | 66.28% by weight |
| pH (5% solution) | 4.5–6.0 |
| Melting / sublimation point | 338°C (sublimes at atmospheric pressure) |
| Density | 1.527 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | 37.2 g/100 mL at 20°C; highly soluble |
| Vapour pressure | Very low at room temperature |
| Hygroscopicity | Moderate |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Hazard classification | Harmful (Xn); irritant to eyes and respiratory tract |
| UN Number | 3077 (if environmentally hazardous classification applies) |
| EINECS No. | 235-186-4 |
| OSHA PEL | 10 mg/m³ (fume) |
| Transport classification | Not classified as dangerous goods for standard grades |
How ammonium chloride is made
| Route | Raw materials | By-products | Product grade | Pakistan context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct synthesis | Ammonia + HCl | None | Pharma / high-purity | Specialty-grade imports |
| Solvay process | NaCl + NH₃ + CO₂ | Soda ash | Technical / fertilizer | Imported, especially CN and IN origins |
| Hou’s process | NaCl + NH₃ + CO₂ | Soda ash co-product | Technical / fertilizer | Major Chinese supply route |
| Other byproduct routes | Process-dependent | Various | Industrial | Limited availability |
Commercial grades & forms
| Grade | Purity / specification | Common use |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture grade | ≥99.0% NH₄Cl; N ≥25% | Fertilizer, soil amendment, crop application |
| Grade | Purity / specification | Common use |
|---|---|---|
| Technical / Industrial grade | ≥99.0–99.5% | Metalworking, batteries, textiles, chemical processes |
| Grade | Purity / specification | Common use |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmaceutical grade (BP / USP) | ≥99.5% | Expectorants, acidifier formulations, medical use |
| Food grade (FCC) | ≥99.0–99.5% | Yeast nutrient, flavouring, bread conditioning, pH adjustment |
| Grade | Purity / specification | Common use |
|---|---|---|
| Battery grade | ≥99.5%; very low heavy metals | Zinc-carbon and zinc-chloride dry cell batteries |
| Electronic grade | ≥99.9% ultra-pure | Semiconductor flux and precision electronics |
Industrial applications in Pakistan
Agriculture & fertilizer
Used as a nitrogen fertilizer, especially relevant for rice, wheat, vegetables, and other chloride-tolerant crops in Pakistan.
Pharmaceuticals
Used in expectorant syrups, respiratory formulations, urinary acidification, and selected supportive medical applications.
Metalworking flux
Used in soldering, galvanising, tinning, and pre-treatment of metal surfaces by helping remove oxide layers.
Battery manufacturing
Battery-grade ammonium chloride is used as an electrolyte component in zinc-carbon and zinc-chloride dry cells.
Textile & leather
Relevant in dye bath buffering, dye exhaustion control, post-dye treatments, and leather deliming processes.
Food processing
Food-grade material is used as a yeast nutrient, dough improver, mild acidulant, and niche flavouring ingredient.
Wastewater treatment
Supports biological nutrient removal systems by serving as a nitrogen source in advanced denitrification processes.
Chemical manufacturing
Used as an intermediate in the production of ammonium salts, organic amines, and selected chemical products.
Other industrial uses
Also used in animal feed, photography, rubber compounding, paper processing, cleaning products, and regulated specialist sectors.
Why buy from us
Clear grade differentiation
We supply agricultural, technical, pharmaceutical, and food-grade ammonium chloride according to end-use requirements.
Moisture-controlled supply
Because ammonium chloride is hygroscopic, packaging and stock handling matter to prevent caking and spreading issues.
Specification support
Certificates of analysis and grade-specific information can be shared for regulated and process-sensitive applications.
Reliable packaging formats
Available in 25 kg bags, 50 kg bags, jumbo bags, and larger bulk quantities based on commercial requirements.
Fresh stock rotation
We maintain stock rotation and supply discipline to help ensure specification-compliant material reaches buyers in usable condition.
Nationwide industrial coverage
We support agriculture, pharmaceutical, industrial, and commercial buyers across Pakistan’s major cities and industrial clusters.
Supplying ammonium chloride across Pakistan
We support ammonium chloride buyers across Pakistan for agricultural, industrial, pharmaceutical, food-processing, battery, textile, and metalworking applications. Supply can be arranged for major manufacturing, trading, and agricultural demand centres depending on grade and quantity requirements.
Storage, handling & safety
Storage guidance
- Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location to prevent caking and clumping
- Use sealed polyethylene bags, fibre drums, or moisture-proof lined packaging
- Keep away from strong alkalis such as caustic soda and calcium hydroxide
- Keep away from strong oxidising agents and incompatible reactive materials
- Maintain storage temperatures below 35°C and avoid high humidity areas
- Be aware that ammonium chloride sublimes if overheated, especially in enclosed process settings
PPE requirements
- Dust mask, gloves, and safety glasses for general powder handling
- P2 mask, goggles, and gloves for bulk transfer or bag splitting
- Safety glasses and gloves for solution preparation
- Face shield and heat-resistant gloves for high-temperature process contact
Frequently asked questions
AMZ Industries — supply notes
We supply ammonium chloride to buyers across Pakistan for fertilizer, pharmaceutical, food-processing, battery, textile, leather, metalworking, and chemical manufacturing applications. Available grades may include agricultural grade, technical grade, pharmaceutical grade, and food grade depending on the requirement.
Supply can be arranged in multiple packaging formats with documentation support available where required. We support buyers in Lahore, Karachi, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Rawalpindi, and other major industrial and commercial zones across Pakistan.
