Chlorine supplier in Pakistan
technical guide & specifications
Chlorine is one of the most important public health and industrial chemicals in modern use, essential for water disinfection, sanitation, PVC production, bleaching, wastewater treatment, and chemical manufacturing. This guide covers chlorine chemistry, commercial forms, industrial applications, safety, and sourcing for Pakistani buyers.
Chlorine gas is supplied as liquefied compressed Cl₂ for large-scale municipal and industrial applications.
OSHA ceiling exposure level, showing how tightly chlorine handling must be controlled in workplace environments.
Typical target range for free residual chlorine in safe drinking water distribution systems.
What is chlorine (Cl₂)?
Chlorine is a halogen element with atomic number 17, found in Group 17 of the periodic table. At room temperature it exists as diatomic chlorine gas (Cl₂), a dense greenish-yellow gas with a pungent, highly distinctive odour.
Chlorine is one of the most reactive industrial elements. That reactivity is what makes it so effective as a disinfectant, bleaching agent, and raw material in chemical manufacturing. When chlorine dissolves in water, it forms hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). HOCl is the key disinfecting species that destroys bacteria, viruses, and many other pathogens.
In Pakistan, chlorine is not just an industrial chemical. It is part of essential public health infrastructure because of its central role in municipal drinking water disinfection and sanitation.
Cl₂ + H₂O ⇌ HOCl + HCl
Chemical & physical properties of chlorine
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Chlorine |
| Chemical Formula | Cl₂ |
| CAS Number | 7782-50-5 |
| Atomic Number | 17 |
| Molecular Weight | 70.91 g/mol |
| Appearance | Greenish-yellow gas at ambient conditions |
| Odour | Sharp, pungent, suffocating; detectable at ~0.5 ppm |
| Boiling Point | −34.0°C |
| Melting Point | −101.0°C |
| Density (gas at 0°C, 1 atm) | 3.17 kg/m³ (approximately 2.5× heavier than air) |
| Density (liquid at 0°C) | 1,468 kg/m³ |
| Vapour Pressure at 20°C | 5.7 bar |
| Solubility in Water at 20°C | 7.3 g/L |
| Water Reaction | Cl₂ + H₂O ⇌ HOCl + HCl |
| Critical Temperature | 143.8°C |
| Critical Pressure | 77.1 bar |
| Flash Point | Non-flammable, but a strong oxidiser |
| UN Number | 1017 |
| Hazard Class | 2.3 (Toxic Gas) + 8 (Corrosive) |
| IDLH (NIOSH) | 10 ppm |
| OSHA PEL | 1 ppm ceiling |
| AEGL-1 (1 hour) | 0.5 ppm |
| AEGL-2 (1 hour) | 2.0 ppm |
| AEGL-3 (1 hour) | 20 ppm |
| WHO Drinking Water Guideline | 0.2–0.5 mg/L free residual chlorine |
| EINECS No. | 231-959-5 |
How chlorine is manufactured
Virtually all industrial chlorine is produced through the chlor-alkali process, where saturated sodium chloride brine is electrolysed to produce chlorine, caustic soda, and hydrogen gas at the same time.
2NaCl + 2H₂O → Cl₂ + H₂ + 2NaOH
Because chlorine and caustic soda are co-produced in fixed ratios, their commercial supply and pricing are closely linked.
| Technology | Description | Separator | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury Cell | Sodium amalgam formed at mercury cathode, then hydrolysed to NaOH and H₂ | Mercury metal | Being phased out globally |
| Diaphragm Cell | Brine electrolysis with compartment separation through diaphragm media | Asbestos / synthetic diaphragm | Declining technology |
| Membrane Cell | Modern chlor-alkali route using ion-exchange membrane | Polymer membrane | Current industry standard |
Commercial forms of chlorine
| Form | Description | Primary use |
|---|---|---|
| Chlorine Gas (Cl₂) | Compressed liquefied gas in cylinders, ton containers, or tankers | Large-scale water treatment and chemical manufacturing |
| Form | Description | Primary use |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium Hypochlorite | Aqueous solution with 10–16% available chlorine | Municipal water treatment, sanitation, food processing, institutional disinfection |
| Form | Description | Primary use |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium Hypochlorite | Solid granules or tablets with 65–70% available chlorine | Swimming pools, emergency disinfection, rural systems, small treatment plants |
| Form | Description | Primary use |
|---|---|---|
| Chlorine Dioxide | Generated on site from sodium chlorite and chlorine | Advanced water treatment and specialised sanitation systems |
| Chlorinated Lime / Bleaching Powder | Solid chlorine-release material with ~25–36% available chlorine | Institutional sanitation and rural disinfection |
Industrial applications in Pakistan
Municipal water disinfection
Used for primary disinfection, residual protection in distribution systems, and pre-chlorination for algae and taste-odour control.
Industrial water treatment
Applied in cooling towers, boiler systems, process water lines, and fire suppression water systems to control microbial growth and fouling.
Chemical manufacturing
Used in the production of PVC intermediates, hydrochloric acid, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, chlorinated solvents, and other downstream chemicals.
Textile & paper bleaching
Supports bleaching operations in selected textile units and paper processes, including chlorine-derived or chlorine dioxide-based bleaching systems.
Food processing & sanitation
Used for process water chlorination, fruit and vegetable washing, equipment sanitation, and hygienic surface cleaning.
Pharmaceutical manufacturing
Important in water system pre-treatment, chlorination chemistry, antiseptic formulations, and selected intermediate production routes.
Agricultural sanitation
Used for irrigation water treatment, greenhouse sanitation, grain storage disinfection, and crop protection chemistry support.
Wastewater treatment
Used for final-stage disinfection, odour control, cyanide destruction, and oxidation of selected industrial contaminants.
Public health infrastructure
Chlorine remains the most practical large-scale disinfection method because it is affordable, available, and leaves a protective residual in the network.
Why buy from us
Verified product quality
We supply chlorine and chlorine-based products from compliant manufacturers with documented available chlorine and supporting product information.
Safety-focused supply
Chlorine supply requires proper hazardous goods handling, concentration accuracy, compliant storage practices, and transport responsibility.
Multiple chlorine formats
We support buyer requirements for chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, and related disinfection needs.
Municipal & industrial suitability
Suitable for WASAs, industrial plants, hospitals, food processors, pool operators, agricultural sanitation systems, and other institutional users.
Documentation support
We provide available chlorine documentation, SDS support, and supply clarity needed for responsible procurement and dosing decisions.
Nationwide coverage
We support chlorine-related supply requirements across Pakistan’s major industrial, municipal, and treatment hubs.
Supplying chlorine across Pakistan
We support chlorine buyers across Pakistan for water treatment, sanitation, food processing, industrial disinfection, wastewater management, and chemical manufacturing applications. Supply can be arranged according to product form, available chlorine requirement, and commercial quantity.
Chlorine safety, storage & handling
Storage requirements
- Store chlorine cylinders or ton containers in dedicated, well-ventilated, secure areas
- Never store chlorine in basements or enclosed underground spaces
- Maintain fixed chlorine gas detection alarms with low-level alert thresholds
- Keep storage temperatures controlled and protect cylinders from heat buildup
- Secure cylinders upright and protect them from falling or impact
- Separate from ammonia, flammables, organic solvents, hydrogen, and incompatible materials
- Maintain emergency scrubber or neutralisation systems where appropriate
PPE and emergency handling
- SCBA is required for chlorine gas leak response or cylinder connection work in exposed conditions
- Use chemical-resistant gloves, face protection, protective suits, and suitable boots
- For routine monitoring, gas detection and system inspection procedures must be in place
- All inhalation exposures require immediate medical evaluation, even if symptoms seem to improve
| Chlorine concentration | Typical effect |
|---|---|
| 0.5 ppm | Distinct odour detectable; mild discomfort |
| 1 ppm | OSHA ceiling exposure level |
| 3–6 ppm | Eye, nose, and throat irritation |
| 10 ppm | NIOSH IDLH; immediately dangerous to life and health |
| 25 ppm | Severe respiratory damage risk |
| 50–100 ppm | Life-threatening pulmonary oedema |
| >1,000 ppm | Rapid fatality possible |
Frequently asked questions
AMZ Industries — supply notes
We supply chlorine and chlorine-based disinfection products to municipal water systems, industrial plants, food processors, hospitals, swimming pool operators, agricultural sanitation systems, and institutional users across Pakistan. Available formats may include chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, and calcium hypochlorite depending on the application.
Supply can be arranged with documentation support, available chlorine verification, and product handling guidance where required. We support buyers in Lahore, Karachi, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Multan, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, and other major treatment and industrial zones across Pakistan.
